Working together to tackle soy-driven deforestation and ecosystem conversion

Working together to tackle soy-driven deforestation and ecosystem conversion

24 June 2024

Soy is a globally traded commodity produced in both temperate and tropical regions and serves as an important source of protein and vegetable oil production. Soybean meal is also widely used in animal feed by our meat and dairy suppliers. With a rising global demand for these products, soy has become one of the world’s largest crops, and is associated with a number of sustainability challenges.

This expansion of soy production has led to the deforestation and habitat conversion of some of the world’s most precious places, particularly in South America. These include the savannahs and dry forests that make up The Cerrado of Brazil. As well as being a rich ecosystem for plants and wildlife, the Cerrado also plays a vital role in the fight against climate through carbon sequestration.

Whilst alternatives to soy in feed supply chains exist and continue to be developed, currently there is no widely available alternative that can be proven to all livestock at scale.

Our commitment and case for action

We have long been committed to tackling deforestation and land conversion associated with our supply chains, and at COP26, in November 2021, we committed to ensuring our own-brand product supply chains would be Deforestation and Conversion Free (DCF) by 2025, with a cut-off date of 2020. This includes our soy supply chains, which we have identified as some of the most salient for ecosystem conversion risk.

The critical role of forests and ecosystems was highlighted at COP26, particularly in achieving climate goals. The objectives of the 2015 Paris Agreement cannot be achieved without critical action on forests, which includes tackling land conversion for agricultural commodities such as soy.

We know we need to work with our suppliers and others to tackle this issue as an industry and address the key challenges together. We also support the introduction of UK Due Diligence legislation that would ban the sale of products linked to illegal deforestation, including soy-driven deforestation, and help bring clear expectations on supply chain traceability to all supply chain actors.

Our approach to sustainable soy

Our approach to the sustainable sourcing of soy is informed by the learnings of the past ten years on efforts to tackle deforestation in soy and other forest commodity supply chains, particularly palm. Specifically, we’ve learned that depending only on certification risked creating segmented markets for sustainable volumes, instead of driving a shift towards sustainable production as a norm. As a result, our evolved approach looks not only to ensure that our volumes are verified deforestation and conversion free, but to encourage the companies in our supply chains to adopt better production and sourcing practices. This will help ensure that our collective supply chains support the sustainable development of soy production that benefit both people and nature. In parallel, we are supporting landscape and jurisdictional solutions that aim to tackle the root causes of deforestation and other environmental degradation, considering economic and social factors at production level. We know that supporting farmers, communities and local authorities in conserving natural ecosystems is central to our approach to tackling global deforestation and conversion.


1. Delivering Deforestation and Conversion Free (DCF) soy for our products

We are working closely with our suppliers to achieve our 2025 100% DCF soy target. One core element of our Sustainable Soy Feed Requirements is that by 2025, our own-brand suppliers evidence that the soy in our supply chains is verified DCF by virtue of its low-risk origin (national or sub-national), or through effective monitoring / procurement systems (e.g. satellite monitoring at farm level)

We recognise that the lack of supply chain transparency is currently a major challenge in the industry, and that there needs to be a concerted effort across the soy supply chain to improve it. We need to move away from a credits-based system towards delivering real supply chain visibility.

Between 2022 and 2025 we will be using certification as a bridge, whilst the systems that will deliver the appropriate supply chain transparency are developed. We recognise the speed at which different types of production systems can move are different, and have therefore phased expectations over this timeframe and for different value chains, in line within industry.

 

2022

2023

2024

2025

Poultry, Eggs and Fish

Match our commitment

- Become a signatory to the UK Soy Manifesto

 

- Adopt a policy of only using, or buying products that have been fed, soy that has not been grown on land that has been deforested or converted since January 2020

 

- Monitor and verify your supplier’s performance

 

- Publicly report on your progress (e.g. on website)

 

- Require your direct suppliers to match and cascade these commitments

100%:

- Origin or verified supply chain

OR

- Certification* (mass balance or segregated)

Continued

100% Verified Deforestation Free Soy

Origin or verified supply chain

Pork

Own Farms

100%:

- Origin or verified supply chain

OR

- Certification* (mass balance or segregated)

Purchased Volumes

- All your direct suppliers have matching commitments

Own Farms

Continued

Purchased Volumes

>50%

- Origin or verified supply chain

OR

- Certification * (mass balance or segregated)

Other livestock and ingredient products

- All your direct suppliers have matching commitments

>50%

- Origin or verified supply chain

OR

- Certification*

(mass balance or segregated)

*Any FEFAC Soy Sourcing Guidelines (2021) benchmarked standard with a cut-off date before 2020 and including optional criteria 34 on land conversion.

 

Our progress:

As part of our Plan for Better, we have committed to reporting transparently on our performance. You can find our performance here and our 2021 Own Supply Performance below.

 

Our estimated soymeal footprint in 2023 was 191,154 metric tonnes (178,771 in 2021; 210,467 in 2022). 


Traceability:

  •   % soymeal volumes from a known country of origin - 41%
  •   % soymeal volumes from known traders/importers - 39%
  •   % soymeal volumes from high-risk origins or unknown origins - 86%

 

Progress on ensuring soy is deforestation and conversion-free:

2023

2022

2021

2020

Deforestation and Conversion Free (Low risk origin or Segregated) 15.0% 7.0% 0.3% 0.1%
Certified Mass Balance - % 26.0% 6.8% 0.2% 0.1%
Certified Segregated - % 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%  0.0%
Certificates (Book and Claim, Regional Credits, Area Mass-Balance) - % 48% 38% 56.9% 41.6% 
Not Certified - % 10% 55% 42.8% 58.3%

High-risk origin is defined as: Unknown country of origin, or from the following countries: Brazil; Argentina; Bolivia; Uraguay. Soymeal footprint measured by a third party using a combination of disclosed volumes from direct suppliers and conversion factors from different animal proteins.
 
Our soy footprint from animal feed is measured by third party 3keel, and calculated using a combination of:
1) suppliers in scope of our soy requirements.
2) disclosed volumes, origins and certification from direct suppliers.
3) conversion factors for different animal proteins.

Our DCF volumes are calculated as the % which is certified under an accepted scheme and chain of custody or traceable to a low-risk origin. All DCF volumes are sourced from suppliers with DCF control mechanism in place.

 

2. Supplier and trader engagement

Whilst setting clear expectations for our own products is an important first step, we don’t think this is sufficient. We want to work with our suppliers and the soy traders they source from to ensure that they are not contributing to deforestation elsewhere in their operations. We know this will be achieved progressively, but by working with other retailers and manufacturers we believe we can send a clear market signal to bring sector-wide change.

We are founding signatories of the UK Soy Manifesto, which was launched in November 2021. All signatories to the manifesto share the goal of ensuring all soy imports to the UK are verified DCF by 2025, and pledge to take action in their supply chain to achieve this. Specifically, signatories commit to:

1. Set deforestation and conversion-free commitment with a cut-off date of January 2020 or earlier.

2. Ask direct suppliers to adopt and cascade the same commitment

3. Integrate Manifesto commitments within direct supplier commercial contractual requirements, and support compliance

4. Publicly disclose progress

5. Encourage harmonised monitoring, verification, and reporting

 

We identified our top 24 suppliers by soy feed footprint, which largely includes meat, fish, poultry, and dairy suppliers. Together they represent 85% of our estimated soy feed footprint. In April 2022, we asked these suppliers to match our ambition and become signatories, and begin reporting publicly against their individual commitments:

Performance of all of our own-brand suppliers against the UK Soy Manifesto asks:

  • % of soymeal from signatories to the UK Soy Manifesto: 88%
  • % of soymeal from suppliers that have a Deforestation Policy in place: 97.8%
  • % of suppliers with a transition plan in place: 17%
  • % of suppliers with a monitoring system for their suppliers: 17%
  • % of suppliers that publicly report against their commitments: 12%


As well as engagement of our direct own-brand suppliers, we
are engaging with the soy traders and importers in our supply chains. It is critical we work together to improve traceability in soy supply chains and encourage better agricultural practices by soy farmers in high-risk regions.

The UK Soy Manifesto pledges that we are asking our own-brand suppliers to adopt are aligned with the Forest Positive Approach, which we helped develop as members of the Consumer Goods Forum’s Forest Positive Coalition of Action. Sainsbury’s have contributed to a shared vision for what it means to be Forest Positive as a company in a soy supply chain, building on the Coalition’s Soy Roadmap.

The five basic elements of the Coalition’s “Forest Positive Approach” are for businesses to have:

1. Public commitment to ‘deforestation and conversion free across entire soy commodity business, including a public time-bound action plan with clear milestones

2. Process for regular supplier engagement

3. Mechanism to identify and to respond to grievances

4. Support initiatives delivering forest positive development at landscape/jurisdictional and/or sectoral level

5. Regular public reporting against defined key performance indicators 

We have communicated and engaged five of the top global soy traders (representing 28% of our soy footprint) on this guidance so far, with further engagement due to take place this year

Annually the performance of soy traders and importers against the five elements of the Forest Positive approach is independently evaluated through the Soy Transparency Coalition (further information below).

The average score from the 2023 assessment of the five traders in our supply chain which are also assessed by the STC, is as follows:

1. Those with public commitments: 42%

2. Supplier Engagement: 13%

3. Monitoring and Response Systems: 43%

4. Support for Landscapes: 43%

5. Transparency and Accountability: 10%

 

3. Monitoring and Response

Whilst certification has been an important tool in helping ensure our products do not contribute to deforestation, we recognise the challenge represented by the lack of supply chain transparency in global soy value chains.

To address this, we have partnered with others in the industry to establish the Soy Transparency Coalition (STC), a pre-competitive group of soy buyers who together assess the sustainability performance of soy importers and traders. The questionnaire covers trader’s commitments and policies, as well as their efforts in implementing them. We have used the 2021 STC assessment to measure the performance of the top soy traders against the elements of the Forest Positive Approach. The list of the main traders in our supply chain can be found below under ‘2021 Soy Importers list’, as well as a list of our own-brand manufacturers where soy was used in animal feed for our products.

 

4. Supporting sustainable production in soy landscapes

Engaging in production landscapes means going beyond our own supply chain and addressing the root causes of deforestation, taking into account economic and social factors facing producers.

In 2022 we are directly supporting Brazilian soy farmers to protect and conserve local biodiversity. We are providing a £3.5m investment to the Responsible Commodities Facility, a fund that offers low-interest, green loans to farmers conditional on the preservation of natural environments they could legally convert. The fund operates in Mato Grosso, Piaui, and Goias states in Brazil where there is a high risk of the Cerrado being converted.

In the 2022-2023 growing season, the Responsible Commodities Facility loaned $11 million from Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Waitrose to 32 farms. The impact of this investment, and Sainsbury’s direct impact for the 2022-2023 growing season, is set out below: 

Impact Overall Impact Sainsbury's Direct Impact 

Deforestation and Conversion Free Soy produced

42,400 tonnes 15,962 tonnes 
Area of native vegetation conserved in the Cerrado 8,541 hectares 3,215 hectares 
Area of native vegetation conserved in excess of legal requirement 2,145 hectares 807 hectares 
Carbon Stocks maintained in forests protected by the RCF 2.9 MtC02  1.1 MtC02

Within Mato Grosso state we are also supporting another landscape initiative to explore a different mechanisms to enable the transformation of soy and cattle producing landscapes. Read more on our beef page here.

 

Methodology for identifying initiatives to invest in 

Working with the CGF, we collectively developed an approach to identifying landscapes to invest in. This is in order to ensure the initiative has the fundamental conditions which will allow it to deliver long term change in the landscape. These are aligned to the Forest Positive Coalition landscape principles and  the Landscape Reporting Framework This involves examining 4 areas: 
1. Funding: there should be clear incentives for producers to adopt more sustainable practices. Initiatives should also have long term plans to access funding beyond Sainsbury’s, in order to maximise impact and ensure resilience. 
2. Multistakeholder partnerships and governance: initiatives need to engage with local stakeholders, particularly farmers/ growers, in a shared vision for the landscape. There should be clear processes to encourage collaboration and resolve any trade-offs. This also includes ensuring government support for the initiative, to ensure a conducive regulatory framework, and private sector support, to demonstrate a market demand for more sustainable products. 
3. Action Plan: initiatives should have a plan to establish DCF sourcing areas, conserve/ restore forests and natural habitats and clear targets with baselines and milestones. 
4. Monitoring Reporting and Verification: the initiative should have systems to track progress against KPIs. This includes using the Landscape Reporting Framework. 


5. Commitment to human rights

We are committed to respecting human rights across our value chain to ensure the people who make or grow our products are not being exploited or exposed to unsafe working conditions - and ensure our businesses’ transition to Net Zero is just and equitable for the communities we source from.  

Our Group-wide Ethical Sourcing Policy sets out the standards we require of all our suppliers. These are based on internationally recognised codes of labour practice, including the Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI) Base Code, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) core conventions, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We have long-standing procedures to ensure that these standards are met. 

Our code of conduct for Ethical Sourcing stipulates that suppliers must have documented all legal and / or customary rights in relation to land and water use of their operations. When land or water rights have been relinquished by Indigenous People or Local Communities to the benefit of the supplier, the supplier shall ensure that the decision was reached through a process of Free, Prior & Informed Consent in line with national legislation. If any land or water rights claim is brought against the supplier through judicial or non-judicial processes, the supplier shall engage in good faith to resolve the conflict and should keep Sainsbury's informed at all stages of the claim. 

Further information about how we champion human rights can be found on our website.

 

6. Industry Collaboration 

As a member of the CGF Forest Positive Coalition of Action, we are actively involved in driving a collaborative effort to eliminate soy-driven deforestation and conversion and drive forward efforts to protect forests and natural ecosystems.

In 2020, the CGF launched the Forest Positive Coalition of Action, comprised of 18 member companies committed to moving efficiently and quickly toward a forest-positive future. With a collective market value of USD 1.8 trillion (GBP 1.3 trillion), these member companies are in a leading position to leverage collective action and accelerate systemic efforts to remove deforestation, forest degradation and conversion from key commodity supply chains. In 2020, the focus was on developing and committing to the Coalition’s Charter and driving stakeholder engagement through Commodity Working Groups.

Our aim in participating in the implementation of these roadmaps is to drive collaborative efforts to accelerate the removal of commodity-driven deforestation and human rights abuses from individual supply chains and drive transformational change in key commodity landscapes. The latest public soy roadmap we have committed to can be found here.

  

WWF Retailers’ Commitment for Nature 

During COP26, where Sainsbury’s was a principal supermarket partner, we also signed the WWF Retailers’ Commitment for Nature. The collective aim of this initiative is to halve the environmental impact of UK shopping baskets by 2030 and tackle deforestation, supporting our commitment to achieve 100% deforestation and conversion free supply chains by 2025. In March 2022, our CEO Simon Roberts joined other UK retail CEOs as part of this commitment in signing a letter to the major soy traders, calling on them to become signatories to the UK Soy Manifesto and collaborate on better supply chain transparency.

 

Retail Soy Group 

Together with other retailers we also work collaboratively with the Retail Soy Group to determine the minimum requirements we believe industry standards should include. This ensures we can help develop and foster a strong, multi-stakeholder set of zero deforestation standards. This year we have continued to directly challenge traders to deliver DCF soy by 2025 through the UK Soy Manifesto and meetings with specific traders.

 

UK Roundtable on Sustainable Soy 

We also continue to collaborate with the UK industry and government via the UK Roundtable on Sustainable Soy to address the link between soy production and tropical deforestation. The Roundtable brings together significant players in the UK soy market, providing a space for companies and industry associations to work together to achieve a shared goal of a secure, resilient, sustainable supply of soy to the UK, with joint progress monitoring and reporting.


Related Disclosures:

Our requirements for sustainable soy feed

2023 Forests CDP report

2023 Soy Importers List

2023 Top Own-Brand Soy Manufacturers - Soy Footprint

 

Definitions – Certification Supply Chain Systems

Supply Chain Model                        Definition 
Book and claim A claim is not tied to the physical soy volumes, but instead is traded on a separate online market.
Area mass balance System of regional certificates, where certificates are bought from certified farms in a region where the physical soy originates. Claims are not tied to the physical soy volumes.
Mass balance Soy from one or more certified facilities/sites may be mixed with sources of non-certified soy. An accounting system ensures the volume of certified soy corresponds to the total volume of soy delivered by certified farms.
Segregation Soy from one or more certified facilities is kept physically separate from other sources.
Identity Preserved Use of segregation and traceability procedures to maintain the identity of specific lots of agricultural or processed products throughout all stages of production, maintenance, transportation, storage and processing.